Artificial Intelligence and Conservation

With the increasing public interest in artificial intelligence (AI), there is also increasing interest in learning about the benefits that AI can deliver to society. This book focuses on research advances in AI that benefit the conservation of wildlife, forests, coral reefs, rivers, and other natural resources. It presents how the joint efforts of researchers in computer science, ecology, economics, and psychology help address the goals of the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Written at a level accessible to conservation professionals and AI researchers, the book offers both an overview of the field and an in-depth view of how AI is being used to understand patterns in wildlife poaching and enhance patrol efforts in response, covering research advances, field tests and real-world deployments. The book also features efforts in other major conservation directions, including protecting natural resources, ecosystem monitoring, and bio-invasion management through the use of game theory, machine learning, and optimization.

An accessible, coherent overview of artificial intelligence (AI) methods for conservation
Provides details of field tests and real-world deployments in conservation sites
Illustrates how artificial intelligence (AI) can benefit numerous areas of conservation, including an in-depth look at its use to combat wildlife poaching

Table of Contents
Part I:
1. Introduction Fei Fang, Milind Tambe, Bistra Dilkina and Andrew J. Plumptre
Part II:
2. Law enforcement for wildlife conservation Andrew J. Plumptre
3. Wildlife poaching forecasting based on ranger-collected data and evaluation through field tests Shahrzad Gholami, Benjamin Ford, Debarun Kar, Fei Fang, Andrew J. Plumptre, Milind Tambe, Margaret Driciru, Fred Wanyama, Aggrey Rwetsiba, Mustafa Nsubuga and Joshua Mabonga
4. Optimal patrol planning against black-box attackers Haifeng Xu, Benjamin Ford, Fei Fang, Bistra Dilkina, Andrew J. Plumptre, Milind Tambe, Margaret Driciru, Fred Wanyama, Aggrey Rwetsiba, Mustafa Nsubuga and Joshua Mabonga
5. Automatic detection of poachers and wildlife with UAVs Elizabeth Bondi, Fei Fang, Mark Hamilton, Debarun Kar, Donnabell Dmello, Venil Noronha, Jongmoo Choi, Robert Hannaford, Arvind Iyer, Lucas Joppa, Milind Tambe and Ram Nevatia
Part III:
6. Protecting coral reef ecosystems via efficient patrols Yue Yin and Bo An
7. Simultaneous optimization of strategic and tactical planning for environmental sustainability and security Sara M. McCarthy, Milind Tambe, Christopher Kiekintveld, Meredith L. Gore and Alex Killion
8. NECTAR Benjamin Ford, Matthew Brown, Amulya Yadav, Amandeep Singh, Arunesh Sinha, Biplav Srivastava, Christopher Kiekintveld and Milind Tambe
9. Connecting conservation research and implementation Sean McGregor, Rachel M. Houtman, Ronald Metoyer and Thomas G. Dietterich
10. Probabilistic inference with generating functions for animal populations Daniel Sheldon, Kevin Winner and Debora Sujono
11. Engaging citizen scientists in data collection for conservation Yexiang Xue and Carla P. Gomes
12. Simulator-defined Markov decision processes H. Jo Albers, Thomas G. Dietterich, Kim Hall, Majid A. Taleghan and Katherine Lee.

Editors
Fei Fang, Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania
Fei Fang is Assistant Professor of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania. Her work won the Innovative Application Award at the Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence in 2016 and the Outstanding Paper Award in Computational Sustainability Track at the International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence in 2015.

Milind Tambe, University of Southern California
Milind Tambe is Helen N. and Emmett H. Jones Professor of Engineering and Founding Co-Director of the University of Southern California Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society. He received the International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI) John McCarthy Award, the Association for Computing Machinery’s Special Interest Group on Artificial Intelligence (ACM/SIGAI) Autonomous Agents Research Award, Christopher Columbus Fellowship Foundation Homeland security award, an the Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) Wagner prize in Operations Research and is a fellow of Association for Advanced Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) and Association of Computing Machinery ACM).

Bistra Dilkina, University of Southern California
Bistra Dilkina is Assistant Professor of Computer Science and Associate Director of the University of Southern California Center for Artificial Intelligence in Society. Prior to that, she was an Assistant Professor at Georgia Tech and a Co-Director of the Data Science for Social Good Atlanta program. She has published at top artificial intelligence conferences as well as journals such as Conservation Biology.

Andrew J. Plumptre, Key Biodiversity Areas Secretariat
Andrew J. Plumptre is Head of the Key Biodiversity Areas Secretariat, associated with the Conservation Science Group in the Zoology Department at the University of Cambridge. He previously was the Wildlife Conservation Society’s senior scientist for Africa and managed a regional program of conservation in the Albertine Rift that supported conservation of some of Africa’s most biodiverse sites.

Contributors
Fei Fang, Milind Tambe, Bistra Dilkina, Andrew J. Plumptre, Shahrzad Gholami, Benjamin Ford, Debarun Kar, Margaret Driciru, Fred Wanyama, Aggrey Rwetsiba, Mustafa Nsubuga, Joshua Mabonga, Haifeng Xu, Elizabeth Bondi, Mark Hamilton, Donnabell Dmello, Venil Noronha, Jongmoo Choi, Robert Hannaford, Arvind Iyer, Lucas Joppa, Ram Nevatia, Yue Yin, Bo An, Sara Marie McCarthy, Christopher Kiekintveld, Meredith L. Gore, Alexander K. Killion, Matthew Brown, Amulya Yadav, Amandeep Singh, Arunesh Sinha, Biplav Srivastava, Sean McGregor, Rachel M. Houtman, Ronald Metoyer, Thomas G. Dietterich, Daniel Sheldon, Kevin Winner, Debora Sujono, Yexiang Xue, Carla Gomes, H. Jo Albers, Kim Hall, Majid Alkaee Taleghan, Katherine Lee